Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| IPA – number | 182 |
| IPA – text | ɕ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ɕ |
| X-SAMPA | s\ |
| Kirshenbaum | S; |
 Sound sample (help·info) |
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The voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɕ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is s\.
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[edit] Features
Features of the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is sibilant fricative: it is produced by directing air flow through a groove in the tongue at the place of articulation and directing it over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolo-palatal (palatalized laminal postalveolar): it is articulated with the front of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the body (middle) of the tongue raised toward the palate.
- Its phonation type is voiceless: it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant: air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant: it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive: it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
[edit] Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catalan[1] | xinxa | [ˈɕinʲɕə] | 'bedbug' | See Catalan phonology | |
| Chinese | Mandarin | 西安/Xī'ān | [ɕi˥ an˥] | 'Xi'an' | Contrasts with /ʂ/. See Standard Mandarin |
| Chuvash | çиçĕм | [ˈɕiɕ̬ɘm] | 'lightning' | Contrasts with /ʂ/ and /s/. | |
| Danish | sjæl | [ɕɛːlˀ] | 'soul' | See Danish phonology | |
| Japanese[2] | 塩/shio | [ɕio] | 'salt' | See Japanese phonology | |
| Kabardian | щэ | [ɕɛ] | 'hundred' | ||
| Korean | 시장/sijang | [ɕid͡ʑaŋ] | 'market' | See Korean phonology | |
| Polish[3] | śruba | [ɕruba] (help·info) |
'screw' | Contrasts with /ʂ/. See Polish phonology | |
| Russian | счастью | [ˈɕɕasʲtʲju] | 'happiness (instrumental)' | Contrasts with /ʂ/ and /sʲ/. See Russian phonology | |
| Swedish | kjol | [ɕuːl] (help·info) |
'skirt' | See Swedish phonology | |
| Tibetan | Lhasa dialect | བཞི་ | [ɕi˨˧] | 'four' | Contrasts with /ʂ/. |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Recasens & Pallarès (2001:?)
- ^ Okada (1991:94)
- ^ Jassem (2003:103)
[edit] Bibliography
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103-107
- Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94-97
- Recasens, Daniel & Maria Dolores Pallarès (2001), "Coarticulation, Assimilation and Blending in Catalan Consonant Clusters", Journal of Phonetics 29 (3): 273-301
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