| English name |
Other names or former names |
| Maastricht |
Mastriht (Serbian), Maastricht (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Romanian), Maseuteuriheuteu/Masŭt'ŭrihŭt'ŭ - 마스트리흐트 (Korean), Maestricht (former French, Romanian variant), Mastrichtas (Lithuanian), Māstrihta (Latvian), Mastrique (Spanish), Mestreech (Limburgish), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin), Måstrek / Li Trek (Walloon), マーストリヒト (Japanese) |
| Madrid |
Mǎdélǐ - 馬德里 (Traditional Chinese), Mǎdélǐ - 马德里 (Simplified Chinese), Madeurideu/Madŭridŭ - 마드리드 (Korean), Madhríti - Μαδρίτη (Greek), Madorīdo - マドリード (Japanese), Madri (Brazilian Portuguese), Madrid (Afrikaans, Asturian, Azeri, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Interlingua, Italian, Maltese, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Madrid - Мадрид (Bulgarian, Russian), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madride (Latvian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madril (Basque), Madrit (Old Catalan), Madryd - Мадрыд (Belarusian), Madryt (Polish), Maidrid (Irish), مدريد (Arabic), मद्रीद (Hindi), مادرید (Persian) |
| Mahilyow |
Mahilyoŭ - Магілёў (Belarusian), Mogilew or Mohylew (Polish), Mogilyov - Могилёв (Russian), Molev - מאָלעװ (Yiddish), Movilău (Romanian), Moghilău (Romanian variant), Mogiliovas (Lithuanian) |
| Mainz |
Määnz (local dialect), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Magúncia (Catalan), Mainca (Latvian), Mainz (Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Měiyīncí - 美因茨 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak), Meenz (former local dialect), Maienţa (old Romanian), Maghentía - Μαγεντία (Greek), Maintsu - マインツ (Japanese), Maincheu/Mainch'ŭ - 마인츠 (Korean) |
| Malbork |
Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German), Malborg (Romanian) |
| Malmedy |
Malmedy (Dutch, French, German), Malmünde (former German) |
| Malmö |
Ellenbogen (former German), Malme (Latvian), Malmø (Danish), Malmö (Azeri, Finnish, German, Swedish, Turkish), Malmogia (Latin), Marume - マルメ (Japanese), Malmoe - 말뫼 (Korean) |
| Manchester |
Maencheseuteo/Maench'esŭt'ŏ - 맨체스터 (Korean), Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestra (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto), Mančesteris (Lithuanian), Manchain (Irish), Mànchèsītè - 曼徹斯特 (Traditional Chinese), Mànchèsītè - 曼彻斯特 (Simplified Chinese), Manchéster (Portuguese), Mankhestría - Μαγχεστρία (Greek), Mamucium (Latin), منچستر (Persian) |
| Mantua |
Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Romanian, Slovak), Mantua (Dutch, German, Latin), Mântua (Portuguese), Mantoba/Mant'oba - 만토바 (Korean) |
| Maribor |
Marburg an der Drau (German), Marburgo (Portuguese), Maribor (Azeri, Finnish, German, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian) |
| Mariehamn |
Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish) |
| Marktredwitz |
Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech) |
| Marseille |
Marseļa (Latvian)*, Marseilla (Basque)*, Marseille (Finnish*, French*, Swedish*), Marseilles (English variant)*, Marsel’ - Марсель (Russian)*, Marselha (Portuguese)*, Marselis (Lithuanian)*, Marselj (Serbian), Marsejlo (Esperanto)*, Marsella (Catalan*, Spanish*), Marseya (Ladino)*, Marsigghia (Sicilian)*, Marsigla (Romansh), Marsiglia (Italian)*, Marsilha or Marselha* (Occitan), Marsilia (Romanian)*, Marsīliyā - مارسيليا (Arabic)*, Marcel - Մարսել (Armenian), Marsilya (Turkish*), Marsel (Azeri*, Marsylia (Polish)*, Masalía - Μασσαλία (Greek)*, Massilia (Latin)*, Mạc Xây or Mac-xây (Vietnamese), Marseia - מרסיי (Hebrew)*, マルセイユ (Japanese), Mareuseyu/Marŭseyu - 마르세유 (Korean), مارسی (Persian) |
| Mechelen |
Malinas (Spanish), Malines (Catalan, French, Romanian), Mechelen (Dutch, Finnish), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name) |
| Meißen |
Meisene (Latvian), Meißen (German), Meissen (Dutch, English, French, Romanian), Míšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish), マイセン (Japanese) |
| Melk |
Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (former German) |
| Menton |
Menton (French), Mentone (Italian) |
| Messina |
Mesīna (Latvian), Mesíni - Μεσσίνη (Greek), Messina (Azeri, Dutch, Finnish, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian, Turkish), Messine (French), Messyna / Mesyna (Polish), Missina (Sicilian), メッシーナ (Japanese) |
| Metz |
Divodurum (Latin), Meca (Latvian), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Méty (Czech), Metz (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian) |
| Medzhybizh |
Medschybisch (German), Medžibož - Меджибож (Russian), Medžybiž - Меджибіж (Ukrainian), Mezbizh - מעזביזש (Yiddish), Międzybórz (Polish) |
| Miercurea-Ciuc |
Csíkszereda (Hungarian), Miercurea-Ciuc (Romanian), Szeklerburg (German) |
| Mikkeli |
Mikkeli (Finnish), Sankt Michel (Swedish) |
| Mikulov |
Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German) |
| Milan |
Mailand (German), Majland (Old Hungarian), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana - Μεδιόλανα (former Greek), Mediolānum (Latin), Milà (Catalan), Milaan (Afrikaans, Dutch), Milan (Azeri, French, Friulian, German, Maltese, Milanese, Slovene), Milán (Czech, Spanish), Mǐlán - 米蘭 (Traditional Chinese), Mǐlán - 米兰 (Simplified Chinese), Milāna (Latvian), Milano (Croatian, Esperanto, Finnish, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Miláno - Μιλάνο (Greek), Miláno (Slovak), Milánó (Hungarian), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milão (Portuguese), Milanas (Lithuanian), ミラノ (Japanese), Milaun (Romansh), Milano - Милано (Bulgarian), Millano - 밀라노 (Korean), میلان (Persian) |
| Minsk |
Mensk - Менск (Belarusian, archaic), Minseukeu/Minsŭk'ŭ - 민스크 (Korean), Minsk (Azeri, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Turkish), Minsk - Мінск (Belarusian), Minsk - Минск (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Minsk - מינסק (Yiddish), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k - Мінськ (Ukrainian), Minska (Latvian), Minskas (Lithuanian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minsuku - ミンスク (Japanese), Minszk (Hungarian), مینسک (Persian) |
| Miskolc |
Miskolc (Hungarian, Finnish), Miškolc (Serbian), Miškovec (Czech, Slovak), Miszkolc (Polish), Mişcolţ (Romanian) |
| Moineşti |
Moineşti (Romanian), Mojnest (Hungarian) |
| Modena |
Modène (French), Módena (Portuguese, Spanish), Mutina (Latin) |
| Monaco |
Manaka - Манака (Belarusian), Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Interlingua, Italian, Romanian, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Portuguese, Spanish), Mônaco (Brazilian Portuguese), Mónàgē - 摩納哥 (Traditional Chinese), Mónàgē - 摩纳哥 (Simplified Chinese), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Azeri, Basque, Esperanto, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Monakó - (Hungarian) Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monegue (Occitan), Monoecus (Latin), Munegu (Monegasque), モナコ (Japanese), Monako - Монако (Bulgarian),Monako/Monak'o - 모나코 (Korean) |
| Mons |
Bergen (Dutch, German), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (French, Romanian), Mont (Walloon), Berg (Limburgish) |
| Monschau |
Monschau (German), Montjoie (French) |
| Montbéliard |
Mömpelgard (former German), Montbéliard (French, Romanian) |
| Monza |
Montsch (former German), Monza (Italian, Maltese) |
| Morąg |
Mohrungen (German), Morąg (German, Polish) |
| Moscow |
Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Lithuanian), Maskva - Масква (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Moscau (Romansh), Moscó (Irish), Moscou (French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Romanian), Moscovo (European Portuguese), Moscú (Spanish), Moska (Maltese), Mosekao (Hawaiian), Mòsīkē - 莫斯科 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Moskau (German), Móskha - Μόσχα (Greek), Moskou (Afrikaans, Dutch), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva - Մոսկվա (Armenian), Moskva (Azeri, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Estonian, Hebrew, Icelandic, Norwegian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish), Moskva - Москва (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Moskve - מאָסקװע (Standard written Yiddish), Moskiv - מאָסקעװ (spoken Southeastern Yiddish), Moskeve - מאָסקעװע (spoken Central Yiddish), Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Indonesian, Polish), Mosukuwa - モスクワ (Japanese), Moszkva (Hungarian), موسكو Mūskū (Arabic), Matxcơva or Mạc Tư Khoa (Vietnamese, the latter is old-fashioned), Moseukeuba/Mosŭk'ŭba - 모스크바 (Korean), مسکو (Persian) |
| Mosonmagyaróvár |
Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German) |
| Motovun |
Montona (Italian), Motovun (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Mouscron |
Moeskroen (Dutch), Mouscron (French) |
| Mścisłaŭ |
See Amścisłaŭ |
| Mukacheve |
Mucacevo (Romanian), Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukacheve - Мyкaчeвe (Ukrainian), Mukachevo - Мyкaчeвo (Russian, Serbian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh - מינקאַטש (Yiddish), Muncaci (Romanian variant), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German) |
| Mulhouse |
Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (Finnish, French, Romanian), Mylhúzy (Czech), Miluza (Polish), Milouzi - Μυλούζη (Greek) |
| Munich |
Minca (Romansh), Minga (Bavarian), Minhen (Serbian), Minhene (Latvian), Minkhn - מינכן (Yiddish); Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Myunkhen - Мюнхен (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Mnichów (old Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mónakho - Μόναχο (Greek), Monakovo (old Slovene), München (Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Low Saxon, modern Slovene, Swedish), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Munic (Catalan), Múnich (Spanish), Münih (Turkish), Mùníhēi - 慕尼黑 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Munique (Portuguese), Mûnik (Walloon), Munikh (Armenian), ミュンヘン (Japanese), Mwinhen - 뮌헨 (Korean), مونیخ (Persian) |
| Munster |
Munster (French *, German*), Münster im Elsaß (German*) |
| Münster |
Minstere (Latvian), Münster (German, Romanian, Turkish), Meuster (Walloon), Monastyr (Polish) |
| Murcia |
Murcia (Spanish, English, German), Múrcia (Catalan), Murcie (French), Mursiya (Arabic) |
| Murmansk |
Moermansk (Afrikaans and Dutch), Mureumanseukeu/Murŭmansŭk'ŭ - 무르만스크 (Korean), Mourmansk (French), Murmanska (Latvian), Murmansk - Мурманск (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Murmansk (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Murmańsk (Polish), Murmanskas (Lithuanian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Muurmanni or Muurmanski (former Finnish), Muurmansk or Murmansk (Finnish); Romanov-on-Murman (former name), Múrmansk (Icelandic), ムルマンスク (Japanese) |
| Mykolaiv |
Nikolayev - Николаев (Russian), Mikołajów (Polish) |
| English Name |
Other names or former names |
| Nakhchivan |
Naxçıvan (Azeri), Naktchevan (French), Nachitschewan (German), Nachitsjevan (Dutch), Nakhcivan (Italian), Najicheván (Spanish), Nakichevan (Portuguese), Nachitjevan (Swedish), Nakhitsjevan (Norwegian, Danish), Nahitševan (Finnish), Nahhitševan (Estonian), Nakhichevan’ - Нахичевань (Russian), Nakhichevan’ - Нахічевань (Ukrainian), Nachiczewan (Polish), Nachičevan (Czech, Slovak), Nakhchivan - Нахчиван (Serbian), Nākhjāvān - نخجوان (Persian), Nahçıvan (Turkish), Nakhijevan - Նախիջեվան (Armenian), Nexcivan - نخچيڤان (Kurdish), Nakhchevani - ნახჭევანი (Georgian), Nakitseván - Νακιτσεβάν (Greek), Nakhitshevan - נחיתשיו'ן (Hebrew), Nakhitshifan - ناخيتشيفان (Arabic), Nākhtshewān - ܢܚܛܫܘܢ (Syriac), Nagsh-e Jahān - نقش جهان (former Persian) |
| Namur |
Namen (Dutch, former German), Nameur (Walloon), Namur (French, German, Romanian) |
| Nancy |
Nancy (Dutch, English, French, German, Romanian), Nanzeg (Luxembourgish), Nanzig (old German) |
| Nantes |
Nánti - Νάντη (Greek), Nantes (Dutch, French), Nangteu/Nangt'ŭ - 낭트 (Korean), Naoned (Breton)*, Naunnt (Gallo) |
| Naoussa |
Náousa - Νάουσα (Greek), Negush - Негуш (Macedonian, Bulgarian), Ağostos (Turkish) |
| Naples |
Nābūlī (Arabic), Napolli/Nap'olli - 나폴리 (Korean), Napels (Afrikaans, Dutch), Naples (French), Napli (Maltese), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoli (Italian, Finnish, Norwegian, Romanian, Turkish), Nápoli - Νάπολη (modern Greek), Napolo (Esperanto), Nàpols (Catalan), Nápols (Aragonese), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napule (Neapolitan), Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German, Swedish), Neapelj (Slovene), Neapol (Azeri, Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol’ - Неаполь (Russian, Ukrainian), Neapole (Latvian, old Romanian), Neapolis (Latin, Lithuanian), Neápolis - Νεάπολις (ancient Greek), 拿坡里 (Chinese), Neapol - Неапол (Bulgarian) |
| Narbonne |
Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Spanish), Narbonne (Dutch, English, French, German, Romanian) |
| Narvik |
Narviika (Northern Sami), Victoriahavn (former name 1887–98), Nareubikeu/Narŭbik'ŭ - 나르비크 (Korean) |
| Navahrudak |
Naugardukas (Lithuanian), Navahradak - Наваградак (Belarusian, archaic), Nowogródek (Polish), Novogrudok - Новогрудок (Russian) |
| Neuchâtel |
Neuchâtel (French, Romanian), Neuenburg (German) |
| Newcastle upon Tyne |
An Caisleán Nua (Irish), Nova Castra (Latin), 纽卡素 (Chinese), Toon (Geordie) |
| Newport (Monmouthshire) |
Casnewydd (Welsh), Novus Burgus (Latin) |
| Newport (Pembrokeshire) |
Trefdraeth (Welsh) |
| Nice |
Nica (Latvian, Lithuanian*, Slovene*), Nica or Nitsa - Ница (Belarusian, Bulgarian*, Serbian*), Niça (Catalan*, Occitan), Nicaea (Latin)*, Nitstsa - Ницца (Russian)*, Nice (French*, Swedish*, Portuguese*), Nicea (Polish)*, Nico (Esperanto)*, Níkea - Νίκαια (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian)*, Nissa (Piedmontese, Occitan variant*, Provençal), Niza (Spanish)*, Nizza (Italian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian), Niseu/Nisŭ - 니스 (Korean), 尼斯 (Chinese), نیس (Persian) |
| Nicosia |
Lefkoşa (Turkish), Lefkosía - Λευκωσία (Greek), Nicosia (Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nicosie (French), Nikosia / Lefkosia (Finnish), Nikosia (German), Nikósie / Lefkósie (Czech), Nikosija (Latvian, Maltese, Russian, Ukrainian), Nikosio (Esperanto), Nikozija (Lithuanian, Serbian, Slovene), Nikozja (Polish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic), Nikosia/Nik'osia - 니코시아 (Korean) |
| Nieuweschans |
Neuschanz (German), Nieuweschans (Dutch) |
| Nijmegen |
Nijmege (Limburgish), Nijmegen (Dutch*, Romanian), Nimega (Italian, Spanish), Nimègue (French), Nîmegue (Walloon), Nimwege (local dialect), Nimwegen (German), Noviomago (Portuguese*), Noviomagus, Oppidum Batavorum and Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum (Latin *), نایمیخن (Persian) |
| Niš |
Nis / Nisch (German), Nis / Nish (English, French), Niš - Ниш (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Niš (Slovak, Slovene), Niŝo (Esperanto), Nisz (Polish), Nix (Asturianu) |
| Nivelles |
Nijvel (Dutch), Nivilles (French), Nisch (German), |
| Nizhny Novgorod |
Gorky (former name 1932–90), Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian, Turkish), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nižni Novgorod (Finnish, Serbian, Slovene), Nižni Noŭharad - Ніжні Ноўгарад (Belarusian), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižnij Novgorod (Czech), Ņižņijnovgoroda (Latvian), Nižny Novgordas (Lithuanian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish) |
| Novi Sad |
Neoplanta (Latin), Neusatz (German), Novi Sad (Azeri, Romanian, Slovene), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Bulgarian, Ruthenian, Serbian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian), Novisada (Latvian), Nový Sad (Czech, Slovak), Nowy Sad (Polish), Újvidék (Hungarian) |
| Nowy Sącz |
Neu-Sandez (German), Nowy Sącz (Polish), Sandz - סאַנדז (Yiddish) |
| Nuoro |
Nugoro (Sardinian), Nuoro (Italian) |
| Nuremberg |
Näöreberg (Limburgish), Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), Nirnberg (Serbian), Nirnberga (Latvian), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian), Norimberg (Slovak, Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Núremberg (Spanish), Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürenberg (Romanian), Nürnberg (Estonian, Finnish, German, Russian, Hungarian, Swedish, Norwegian, Turkish), نورمبرگ (Persian), Nwireunbereukeu/Nwirŭnberŭk'ŭ - 뉘른베르크 (Korean) |
| English Name |
Other names or former names |
| Obernai |
Oberehnheim (German*), Obernai (French*, German*) |
| Óbuda (now part of Budapest) |
Altofen (German), Buda (Polish), Buda (Veche) (Romanian), Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech) |
| Odessa |
Ades - אַדעס (Yiddish), Hacıbey (obsolete Turkish), Odhisós - Οδησσός (Greek), Odesa (Latvian, Romanian, Turkish), Odesa - Одеса (Bulgarian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Oděsa (Czech), Odessa (Azeri, Polish, Turkish variant), Odessa - Одесса (Russian), Odesa - 오데사 (Korean) |
| Ohrid |
Akhrídha - Αχρίδα (Greek variant), Ochryda (Polish), Ocrida (Italian), Ohër (Albanian), Ohri (Turkish), Ohrid - Охрид (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian), Ohrid (Slovenie), Okhrídha - Οχρίδα (Greek). Older Graeco-Illyrian names include Dyassarites, Lychnis, Lychnidos |
| Olbia |
Olbia (Italian), Tarranoa (Corsican), Terranoa (Sardinian), Terranova Pausania (former Italian) |
| Oldenburg |
Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenburg (German), Starogard (Polish, Serbian) |
| Olkusz |
Hilcus (Latin), Ilkenau (German 1942–45), Ilkusz (former Polish), Olkusch (German), Olkusz (Polish) |
| Olomouc |
Olmütz (German), Olomóc or Holomóc (Czech, Hanakian dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomuncium, Iuliomontium or Olomucium (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish), Alamóc (old Hungarian) |
| Olsztyn |
Allenstein (German), Olštinas (Lithuanian), Olsztyn (Polish), Ol'štyn - Ольштын (Russian) |
| Oneşti |
Oneşti (Romania), Onyest (Hungarian) |
| Opatija |
Abbazia (Italian, Austrian German), Opatija (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Sankt Jakobi ( German, historic) |
| Opava |
Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German) |
| Opole |
Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German) |
| Oradea |
Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian, Polish), Oradea-Mare (former Romanian), Varadinum (Latin), Varat (Turkish), Veliki Varadin - Велики Варадин (Serbian) |
| Oranienburg |
Bocov (Czech), Bötzow (former German), Oranienburg (German) |
| Oristano |
Aristanis (Sardinian), Oristan (Spanish), Oristano (Italian), Oristany (Catalan) |
| Osijek |
Esseg (former German), Eszék (Hungarian), Mursa (Latin), Osek (Slovene), Osijek (Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Swedish), Osijekas (Lithuanian), Osiek (Polish), Osijek - Осијек (Serbian), โอซีเยค (Thai) |
| Oslo |
Asloa (Latin), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624–1925), Oseullo/Osŭllo - 오슬로 (Korean), Kristiania (late version of former name), Oslas (Lithuanian), Oslo (Azeri, Indonesian, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Latvian, Maltese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Osló (Irish), Ósló (Icelandic), Ūslū (Arabic), 奧斯陸 (Chinese), اسلو (Persian) |
| Osnabrück |
Osnabrugge (Dutch alternate), Osnabrück (Dutch, German, Romanian),Osnabruque (Portuguese) |
| Ostend |
Oostende (Dutch), Ostándi - Οστάνδη (Greek), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Ostendė (Lithuanian), Ostendo (Esperanto), Ostinde (Walloon) |
| Östersund |
Östersund (Swedish), Østersund (Danish, Norwegian), Luvlieluspie (Southern Sami) |
| Ostrava |
Ostrau (German), Ostrava (Czech, Slovak, Slovene), Ostrawa (Polish), Ostrava - Острава (Bulgarian) |
| Ostróda |
Ostróda (Polish), Osterode (German) |
| Ostrów Wielkopolski |
Ostrovia (Latin), Ostrów (former Polish), Ostrów Wielkopolski (Polish), Ostrowo (German) |
| Oświęcim |
Oświęcim (Polish), Auschwitz (German, Romanian), Osventsim - Освенцим (Russian), Aushvitsa (Romani), Osvencima (Latvian), Aušvice (former Latvian), Oshpitizin (Yiddish), Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Osvyenchim (Romani), 奧斯威辛 (Chinese) |
| Oulu |
Oulu (Estonian, Finnish, Polish), Oulu (Latvian), Uleåborg (Swedish) |
| Oxford |
牛津 (Niú jìn - literally ox ford) (Chinese), Okkusufōdo - オックスフォード (Japanese), Oksford (Azeri, Polish, Serbian), Oksforda (Latvian), Oksfordas (Lithuanian), Oksfórdhi - Οξφόρδη (Greek), Oksfordo (Esperanto), Oxonia (Latin), Oxónia (Portuguese), Rhydychen (Welsh), Oxford - Оксфорд (Bulgarian, Russian) Resoghen (Cornish), Okseupodeu/Oksŭp'odŭ - 옥스포드 (Korean) |
| Ozieri |
Ocier (Spanish, Catalan), Othieri (Sardinian), Ozieri (Italian) |
| English Name |
Other names or former names |
| Padua |
Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Maltese, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Pádova (Hungarian), Padua (Dutch, German, medieval Latin, Spanish, Swedish), Pádua (Portuguese), Paduja (Latvian), Paduya - Падуя (Russian), Padwa (Polish), Padue (Friulian), Pàdoa (Piedmontese), Pádhoua - Πάδουα / Pádhova - Πάδοβα (Greek), Patavium (classical Latin), პადუა (Georgian), Padoba/P'adoba - 파도바 (Korean) |
| Palermo |
Palerm (Catalán), Palerma - Палерма (Belarusian), Palermo - Палермо (Russian), Palermas (Lithuanian), Palerme (French), Palermo (Azeri, Czech, Dutch, German, Italian, Finnish, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Palermu or Palemmu (Sicilian), Pánormos - Πάνορμος (Greek), Panormus (Latin), პალერმო (Georgian), Pallereumo/P'allerŭmo - 팔레르모 (Korean) |
| Pamplona |
Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruña (Basque), Pamplona (Azeri, Catalan, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish), Pompaelo (Latin), პამპლონა (Georgian), 팜플로냐 (Korean) |
| Panevėžys |
Poniewież (Polish), Ponevezh - Поневеж (Russian), Ponewesch (German), Panevēža (Latvian), პანევეჟისი (Georgian) |
| Paris |
Pari/P’ari - 파리 (Korean), 巴黎 (Chinese), Bārīs (Arabic), Lutetia Parisiorum (Latin), Paräis (Luxembourgish), Páras (Irish), Pari - パリ (Japanese), Paries (Limburgish), Parigi (Italian), Pariġi (Maltese), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parijs (Dutch), París (Catalan, Spanish, Icelandic), Paris (Azeri, French, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, Piedmontese, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Parisium (medieval Latin), Parísi - Παρίσι (Greek), Parísii - Παρίσιοι (Greek, καθαρεύουσα), Pariž - Париж (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Pariz (Breton, Croatian, Slovene), Pariz - Париз (Serbian), Pariz - פּאַריז (Yiddish), Paříž (Czech), Paríž (Slovak), Parīze (Latvian), Parizo (Esperanto), Párizs (Hungarian), Parys (Afrikaans), Paryż (Polish), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Paryž - Парыж (Belarusian), Pa-ris or Ba-lê (Vietnamese, the latter is old-fashioned), პარიზი (Georgian) |
| Parma |
Parme (French), Párma (Hungarian), Párma - Πάρμα (Greek), პარმა (Georgian), Parma (Italian, Czech, Slovak) |
| Pärnu |
Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese, Swedish), Pernau (German), Pērnava (Latvian), Piarnu (Belarusian, Lithuanian), Pernov - Пернов (Russian), პიარნუ (Georgian) |
| Passau |
Batavia Bavariae (medieval Latin), Castra Batava (Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech, Slovak), Passau (Dutch, French, German, Romanian, Turkish), Passavia (Italian), Pasava (Serbian), პასაუ (Georgian) |
| Patras |
Patra (Modern Greek), Patrae (Latin), Patrasso (Italian), Patras (Azeri, Dutch, French, German) |
| Pavia |
Pavia (Italian, German, Dutch), Ticinum (classical Latin), Papia (medieval Latin), Pavìa (Piedmontese), Pavio (Esperanto), Paviya - Павия (Russian), Pavija - Павија (Serbian), პავია (Georgian) |
| Pazin |
Mitterburg (German), Pazin (Croatian, Serbian), Pisino (Italian), |
| Pechory |
Pechory - Печёры (Russian), Petschur (former German), Petseri (Estonian, Finnish), Peczora (Polish) |
| Pécs |
Beci (old Romanian), Pětikostelí (Czech), Päťkostolie (Slovak), Peç (Turkish), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Pecz (Polish), Pečuj - Печуј (Serbian), Quinqueecclesiae (Latin), Cinquechiese (old Italian), პეჩი (Georgian) |
| Peenemünde |
Peenemünde (German), Pianoujście (Polish) |
| Perm |
Perm (English, German, Czech, Finnish), Пермь (Russian), Permjo (Esperanto) |
| Perpignan |
Perpignan (Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, French, Finnish, German, Romanian), Perpignano (Italian), Perpiñán (Spanish), Perpinhan (Occitan), Perpinhão (Portuguese), Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyà (Catalan) |
| Perugia |
Pérouse (French), Perugia (Dutch, German, Italian, Romanian), Perusa (Spanish), Perusia (Latin), პერუჯა (Georgian) |
| Petrozavodsk |
Petrosawodsk (German), Petroskoi (Finnish), Petrozavodsk - Петрозаводск (Russian), Petrozavodskas (Lithuanian), Pietrazavodzk - Петразаводзк (Belarusian), Petrozavodsk (Azeri), Äänislinna (former Finnish), Pietrozawodzk (Polish), პეტროზავოდსკი (Georgian) |
| Piacenza |
Piacenza (Dutch, German, Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish), Piacenţa (Romanian), Placentia (Latin), Plakentía - Πλακεντία (Greek), პიაჩენცა (Georgian) |
| Piatra Neamţ |
Karácsonkő (Hungarian), Kreuzburg an der Bistritz (German), Piatra Neamţ (Romanian) |
| Piła |
Piła (Polish), Schneidemühl (German) |
| Pilsen |
Pilsen (Dutch, German, Italian, Portuguese, former Romanian), Pilzene (Latvian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech, Romanian, Slovak), პლზენი (Georgian) |
| Pinsk |
Pinsk - Пінск (Belarusian), Pinsk - Пинск (Bulgarian, Russian), Pinsk (Dutch, French, German), Pińsk (Polish), Pins'k Пінськ (Ukrainian), פינסק (Yiddish) |
| Piotrków Trybunalski |
Piotrków Trybunalski (Polish), Petrikau (German), Petrikev - פּעטריקעװ (Yiddish), Petrokov (Russian) |
| Piran |
Piran (Croatian, German, Serbian, Slovene), Pirano (Italian), Pyrrhanum (Latin) |
| Plauen |
Plauen (Dutch, French, German, Polish), Plavno (Czech) |
| Pleven |
Pleven (Bulgarian, French, Serbian), Plevna (French alternate, Romanian, Russian), Plevne (Turkish), Plevno (Czech), Plewen (German, Polish), პლევენი (Georgian) |
| Plovdiv |
Filippopoli (old Italian), Philippopolis (Latin), Philipúpoli - Φιλιππούπολη (Greek), Plovdiv (Azeri, Bulgarian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak), Plowdiw (German), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (Thracian, former name), Evmolpias (Thracian), Trimontium (Latin, former name), Filibe (Turkish, former name), Paldin (Slavic, former name), პლოვდივი (Georgian) |
| Ploieşti |
Ploieashti (Aromanian), Ploesht - Плоещ (Bulgarian), Plorescht (old German), Ploésti - Πλοέστι (Greek), Ploesht - פלוישט (Hebrew), Ploeszti (Polish), Ploešti - Плоешти (Russian) |
| Plymouth |
Aberplym (Cornish), Pleimuiden (Dutch alternate), Plimuto (Esperanto), პლიმუთი (Georgian) |
| Podgorica |
Titograd (former name), Ribnica (former name), Podgorica (Finnish, Portuguese, Polish, Slovak), Podgorica (French, German), პოდგორიცა (Georgian) |
| Polatsk |
Połacak - Полацак (Belarusian, obsolete), Połack - Полацк (Belarusian), Polock (Czech), Połock (Polish), Polotsk - Полоцк (Russian), Poloţk (Romanian), Polotzk (German), |
| Pompeii |
Pompei (Italian, Azeri, Romanian, Turkish), Pompéi (French), Pompeia (Portuguese), Pompeii (Latin), Pompej (Maltese), Pompeji (Danish, Dutch, German, , Slovene, Swedish), Pompeya (Spanish), Pompeja (Latvian, Serbian), Pompeje (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Pompiía - Πομπηία (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish), Pompėja (Lithuanian), Pompei/P'omp'ei - 폼페이 (Korean) |
| Pontresina |
Pontresina (French, German, Italian), Puntraschigna (Romansh) |
| Porec |
Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Porech - Пореч (Russian) |
| Pori |
Björneborg (Swedish), Pori (Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Latvian) |
| Porto |
Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Italian, Spanish, English variant), Portas (Lithuanian), Porto (Azeri, Czech, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Portó (Hungarian), Portus Cale (Latin), Portu (Latvian), პორტუ (Georgian) |
| Porto Torres |
Porto Torres (Italian), Pòlsthu Tòrra (Sassarese), Pòrtu Tòrres (Sardinian) |
| Portorož |
Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Serbian, Slovak, Slovene) |
| Porvoo |
Borgå (Swedish), Porvoo (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian), Borgoa (Latin) |
| Potsdam |
波茨坦 (Chinese), Podstupim (Lower Sorbian), Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (Azeri, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Poczdam (Polish), Potsdama (Latvian), Potsdamas (Lithuanian), პოტსდამი (Georgian), 포츠담 (Korean) |
| Poznań |
Poznań (Polish), Posen (Dutch, German), Posnania (Latin), Poyzn - פּױזן (Yiddish), Poznaņa (Latvian), Poznanė (Lithuanian), Poznaň (Czech, Slovak), Poznan (Azeri, French, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Poznań - Познань (Belarusian, Ukrainian), პოზნანი (Georgian), Pojeunan/P'ojŭnan - 포즈난 (Korean) |
| Prague |
Birāġ (Arabic), Praag (Afrikaans, Dutch, Limburgish), Prag (Bosnian, Croatian, Danish, German, Luxembourgish, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish, Icelandic), پراگ (Persian), Prâg (Welsh), Prág (Irish), Pràg (Scottish Gaelic), Praga (Basque, Catalan, Italian, Kashubian, Latin, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish), Prago (Esperanto), Prága - Πράγα (Greek), Prága (Hungarian), Prague (English, French, Tagalog), Praha (Belarusian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Ido, Indonesian, Nauruan, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Prāga (Latvian), Prog - פּראָג (Yiddish), 프라하 (Korean), Puraha - プラハ (Japanese), 布拉格 (Chinese), პრაღა (Georgian), Praga - Прага (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian) |
| Pravdinsk |
Friedland (German), Frydląd (Polish), Pravdinsk - Правдинск (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian) |
| Prešov |
Eperies (German alternate), Eperjes (Hungarian), Peryeshis (Romani), Preschau (German), Presovia (Latin), Prešov (Czech, Slovak), Preszów (Polish), Pryashev - Пряшев (Russian), Pryašiv - Пряшів (Ukrainian), Pryašuv - Пряшyв (Ruthenian) |
| Priozersk |
Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (alternative Finnish name), Priozersk (German, Russian) |
| Priština |
Prishtinë (Albanian), Priština - Приштина (Serbian, Russian), Priština - Прищина (Bulgarian) Prischtina (German), Priština (Czech, Slovak), Priştina (Romanian), Priştine (Turkish), Pristina (French, Hungarian, Portuguese), Pristino (Esperanto), Priština (Latvian, Lithuanian, Slovene), Prístina - Πρίστινα (Greek), Prisztina (Polish), პრიშტინა (Georgian) |
| Příbor |
Freiberg in Mähren (German*) |
| Pruszcz Gdański |
Pruszcz Gdański (Polish), Praust (German) |
| Przemyśl |
Przemyśl (Polish), Přemyšl (Czech), Peremyshl' - Перемишль (Ukrainian, traditional), Pshemysl’ - Пшемисль (Ukrainian, modern official), Peremyšl’ - Перемышль (Russian, old), Pšemysl' - Пшемысль (Russian, modern official), Premisl (Romanian), Premisl - פּרעמיסל (Yiddish), Peremisla (Romanian, old), Pieramyšl - Перамышль (Belarusian), Prömsel (German, rare) |
| Pskov |
Pskov - Псков (Russian), Pihkova (Finnish), Pihkva (Estonian), Pleskau (historical German), Pleskava (Latvian), Pskov (Azeri, Dutch, French, Romanian), Pskovas (Lithuanian), Pskow (modern German), Psków (Polish), Pskoŭ - Пскоў (Belarusian), ფსკოვი (Georgian) |
| Puck |
Puck (Polish), Pùck (Kashubian), Putzig (German) |
| Pula |
Pola (Dutch, French, German, Italian), Póla (Hungarian), Polei (older German), Pula (Croatian, Czech, Finnish, German, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak), Pulj (Slovene) |
| Puławy |
Pilev - פּילעװ (Yiddish), Puławy (Polish) Pilev (English, Spanish) Pullno (German) |
| Pyrzyce |
Pyrzyce (Polish), Pyritz (German), |
