Hàm Nghi
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Emperor Hàm Nghi (Hán tự: 咸宜帝); Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Lịch (22 July 1872 – 14 January 1943), at the "Purple Forbidden City" of Huế) was the eighth Emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn Dynasty. He reigned for only one year (1884 – 1885).
On July 4, 1885, the Mandarins' Revolt broke out under the leadership of the two regents Nguyễn Văn Tường and Tôn Thất Thuyết. The French stormed the palace and Emperor Hàm Nghi and three empresses were taken away.
They were taken to the hills and jungles around Laos along with these men. The combattants there waged a guerrilla war against the French occupation forces. The French replaced him with his brother, Emperor Đồng Khánh, who was enthroned as the Son of Heaven.
In October 1888, after a series of setbacks, Hàm Nghi was hiding in an isolated house near the spring of the Nai river, with Tôn Thất Thiệp, the second son of Tôn Thất Thuyết, and only a few attendants. There, he was betrayed by the head of his Muong guards, Trương Quang Ngọc, and captured on November 1st, while Thiệp was killed. He was then turned over to French officers on November 2.[1]
On December 12, 1888, he was exiled to Algeria. There he married a French Algerian woman named Marcelle Laloë on November 4, 1904. They had three children, Prince Minh-Duc, Princess Nhu May and Princess Nhu Lý. He was buried in Thonac cemetery, near Sarlat, Dordogne France
In 2002, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has sent a delegation to France to seek permission from Princess Nhu Lý (Countess De La Besse, died 2005, in her 97th year) to move her father's remains to the former Imperial capital of Huế. Her family has presently refused[2].
[edit] Notes
- ^ Baille, 1890 ; Devillers, 1998, pp.398-369 ; Gosselin, 1900, pp.150-156; Gosselin, 1904.
- ^ Nguyên Cao Duc, 2007, p.5
[edit] References
- Baille "Souvenirs d’Annam 1886-1890" E. Plon, Nourrit et Cie, Paris, 1890, viii + 266 pp.
- Devillers, Philippe "Français et Annamites. Partenaires ou ennemis ? 1856-1902", Denoël, 1998, 517 pp.;ISBN 220724248X (2-207-24248-X)
- Gosselin, Charles "Le Laos et le Protectorat Français". Librairie académique Didier, Perrin & Cie, Paris, 1900, 349 pp. Available at [1] or [2]
- Gosselin, Charles "L’empire d’Annam". Préface de Pierre Baudin, Perrin et Cie, Paris, 1904, xxvi + 560 pp.
- Nguyên Cao Duc, Georges "Un empereur aimé : Ham Nghi (1871 – 1884 – 1944)". [3]
| Preceded by Emperor Kiến Phúc |
Nguyễn Dynasty | Succeeded by Emperor Đồng Khánh |
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