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Green Bay, Wisconsin

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Green Bay, Wisconsin
Official seal of Green Bay, Wisconsin
Seal
Coordinates: 44°30′48″N 88°0′57″W / 44.51333°N 88.01583°W / 44.51333; -88.01583
Country United States
State Wisconsin
County Brown
Government
 - Mayor James J. Schmitt (R)
Area
 - City 54.3 sq mi (140.7 km2)
 - Land 43.9 sq mi (113.6 km2)
 - Water 10.5 sq mi (27.1 km2)
Elevation 581 ft (177 m)
Population (2006)
 - City 101,203
 - Density 3,332.1/sq mi (1,900.5/km2)
 - Metro 226,778
Time zone Central (UTC−6)
 - Summer (DST) CDT (UTC−5)
Area code(s) 920
FIPS code 55-31000[1]
GNIS feature ID 1565801[2]
Website www.ci.green-bay.wi.us

Green Bay is a city in and the county seat of Brown County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.[3]

The city is located at the head of its namesake Green Bay, a sub-basin of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Fox River. It has an elevation of 581 feet (177 m) above sea level and is located 112 miles (180 km) north of Milwaukee. As of the 2000 census Green Bay had a population of 102,313.[1] Its 2006 estimated census was 100,353.[4] The Town of Green Bay is located several miles northeast of the city.

Green Bay is the principal city of the Green Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area, which covers Brown, Kewaunee, and Oconto Counties[5] and had a combined population of 282,599 at the 2000 census.[1]

Green Bay is an industrial city with several meatpacking and paper plants, and a port on the Bay of Green Bay, an arm of Lake Michigan. It is home to the National Railroad Museum; the Neville Public Museum with exhibitions of art, history, and science; and the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay.

The Green Bay Packers professional football team of the National Football League has been based in the city since 1919. Green Bay is by far the smallest U.S. market for an NFL team,[6] although the Packers' fan base stretches throughout the U.S. and even around the world. Green Bay is nicknamed "Titletown, USA"[6] for the number of NFL titles (12) it has won over the years (including the first two Super Bowls and Super Bowl XXXI), more than any other team. The name appears on the city seal, is used by the Green Bay Chamber of Commerce for its web address (www.titletown.org) and variations of the word appear in the name of more than two dozen local businesses.[7]

Green Bay was awarded the title of All-America City twice in the city's history, with the first award in 1964, and the second in 1999.

There is a free public Wi-Fi system in the downtown Green Bay Broadway District that went into operation in 2007.[8]

Contents

[edit] History

Archaeological studies have shown that people lived in the Green Bay area before the first French settlers arrived. Animals that are common today in the thick woods of the Green Bay area also lived in the area long ago. They are mostly creatures with very long and thick coats, as it was necessary for survival in the cold winters. Along with mammals were also fish that are similar to the species found today in the waters around Green Bay.[9]

Jean Nicolet was commissioned by New France’s founder, Samuel de Champlain to explore land that he had heard about, whose people referred to themselves as "People of the Sea". Champlain had also heard about resources in the area, including fertile soil, forests, and animals. Nicolet set out on his journey for this new land shortly before winter in 1634.[9]

A small trading post, originally named La Baye or La Baie des Puants, was established by Nicolet at this location in 1634,[10] making Green Bay the 13th oldest permanent settlement in America. When Nicolet arrived in the Green Bay area, the first group he encountered was one that spoke a Sioux language, the Ho-Chunk, also known as the Winnebago. “Besides hunting and fishing, the Winnebagos cultivated corn, bean, squash, and tobacco. Wild rice, a dietary staple, grew in abundance in the river and its tributaries, and was gathered along with nuts, berries, and edible roots of the woods."[9] In this tribe there were distinguished and easily identified gender roles. The men typically hunted and fished for food, and the women cooked and prepared the furs of the dead animals for rugs, furniture and other uses around the house. Women were an important aspect of the political process, as no action could be taken without agreement of half of the women. Nicolet stayed with this tribe for about a year, becoming an ally, which helped open up opportunities for trade and commerce. He then returned to Quebec.[9]

A few months after Nicolet returned from his quest, Champlain died. His death put a halt on journeys to the newly discovered land, La Baie Verte.

Nicolas Perrot was the next journeyman sent to La Baie by Pere Claude Allouez. Perrot’s 18 year stay ended in 1869.? After this, the French avoided the area because of the intensity of Indian and European wars. In 1671 a Jesuit Mission was set up in the area. A fort was added in 1717. The town was incorporated in 1754, and was passed to British control in 1761.

One of the first permanent French settlers was Charles de Langlade and his family, who moved to Green Bay in 1765, becoming the first permanent settlers in Wisconsin. Langlade, called the "Father of Wisconsin", was a half-French Ottawa war chief who is credited with planning the ambush of British General Braddock and George Washington in the French and Indian War. The Grignons, Porliers and Lawes who followed brought Canadian-French culture with them. Colorful "jack-knife Judge" Reaume dispensed British justice in the territory.” [9] These early French settlers set the tone for the remainder who came to the area.

The Green Bay area was still under British control until years after the end of the Revolutionary War, even after America had gained its independence. "Doty, Whitney, Arndt, Baird and Martin were among the American settlers who pushed French culture into the background following the American establishment of Fort Howard in 1816."[9] As British settlers in the area came to outnumber the French, the name "Green Bay" (from the French: Baie Verte) became the more common name for the town. In 1783 the town became part of the United States of America. The United States Army built Fort Howard on the banks of the Fox River in 1816.

Heritage Hill State Park in Green Bay

Before Wisconsin became a state in 1848, the majority of commerce had to do with fur trading. After statehood, there was a shift away from fur trading toward lumbering. "For a short time in 1860s and 1870s, iron smelting in charcoal kilns rivaled the timber industry while the port handled increasing amounts of fuel, feed, and lumber. Today's major local industry had its start in 1895 when the first paper mill was built." [9]

Wisconsin's first newspaper, The Green Bay Intelligencer, was first published in 1833. The borough of Green Bay was created in 1838 and is the main center of the current city. By 1850 the town had a population of 1,923. The town was incorporated as the city of Green Bay, joining several small towns including Navarino, Astor (created by John Jacob Astor) and Fort Howard in 1854. The Green Bay Area Public School District was founded in 1856.[9]

The 1850s brought much change to the city of Green Bay when other groups started immigrating to the area. That decade brought an influx of Belgian, German, Scandinavian, Irish and Dutch immigrants as word spread of America's cheap land and good soil. The greatest concentration of newcomers came from Belgium. They cleared the land to farm and build their homes. [9]

The railroad arrived in the 1860s. Chicago and Northwestern Railroad companies were formed, which allowed people and products to travel all over the state, increasing business and trade opportunities. The area was able to grow and enrich itself with the use of the river and the plentiful timber resources. This led to the paper industry becoming the major employer in Green Bay, and opened up the port for international trade.[9]

In 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt came to Green Bay to honor its tricentennial.[10] By 1950 the city had a population of 52,735. In 1964, the Town of Preble was consolidated with the city of Green Bay.[11]

[edit] Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 54.3 square miles (140.7 [[km2]]), of which 43.9 square miles (113.6 km2) is land and 10.4 square miles (27.1 km2) is water. The total area is 86.59% water.

[edit] Climate

Main article: Climate of Green Bay, Wisconsin

The city of Green Bay has a continental climate, moderated slightly by the city's proximity to Lake Michigan. The city's climate features four distinct seasons, with warm, frequently hot summers and long, cold and snowy winters. The variance in temperature and precipitation between months is severe and often extreme. The warmest month is July, when the average high temperature is 81°F (28°C). During July, the average low temperature is 59°F (15°C). The coldest month of the year is January, when the high temperature averages only 24°F (−5°C), and the low temperatures average 7°F (−14°C).

The wettest month in Green Bay is August, when 3.77 inches (95.8 mm) of precipitation falls, mostly in the form of rainfall from thunderstorms. The driest month in Green Bay is February, when the majority of precipitation falls as low moisture-content snow due to cold, dry air. On average, 1.01 inches (25.7 mm) of precipitation falls in February.

Monthly Temperatures and Precipitation
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
°F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C
Record High Temperature
53 12 61 16 78 26 89 32 91 33 98 37 103 39 99 37 95 35 88 31 74 23 64 18
Normal High Temperature
24.1 −4.4 28.9 −1.7 40 4 54.6 12.6 68 20 76.8 24.9 81.2 27.3 78.5 25.8 70.2 21.2 57.9 14.4 42.4 5.8 29 −2
Normal Low Temperature
7.1 −13.8 12.1 −11.1 22.6 −5.2 33.9 1.1 44.7 7.1 54 12 58.6 14.8 56.5 13.6 47.5 8.6 36.9 2.7 25.6 −3.6 13.3 −10.4
Record Low Temperature
−31 −35.0 −28 −33.3 −29 −33.9 7 −14 21 −6 32 0 40 4 38 3 24 −4 15 −9 −9 −22.8 −27 −32.8
 
Precipitation
in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm
1.21 31 1.01 26 2.06 52 2.56 65 2.75 70 3.43 87 3.44 87 3.77 96 3.11 79 2.17 55 2.27 58 1.41 36
Source: USTravelWeather.com

[edit] Transportation

US Army 101, on display at the National Railroad Museum

Green Bay is served by Austin Straubel International Airport.

The majority of the people in Green Bay use cars. The city was the headquarters of the Green Bay and Western Railroad from 1896 to 1993. After the GB&W quit, the line was purchased by Wisconsin Central Transportation. In 2001, the WC was merged into the Canadian National system. The Chicago and North Western Railway also served Green Bay, and their depot still stands today. Green Bay was last served with a regular passenger train, the CNW's Peninsula 400, in 1971. The CNW sold its trackage from Green Bay south to Sheboygan in 1987 to the Fox River Valley Railroad, which became part of the WC in 1993. Green Bay also saw passenger service from the Milwaukee Road's Chippewa Hiawatha, which ran from Chicago into the UP of Michigan. Green Bay is also served by the Escanaba and Lake Superior Railroad. Amtrak expansion to Green Bay is part of the Midwest Regional Rail Project, and would follow a route from Milwaukee through Fond du Lac, Oshkosh and Appleton. Milwaukee-Madison to Milwaukee service is top priority for the State of Wisconsin at this time, with the Green Bay project on the back burner.

Green Bay also has its own mass transit system known as Green Bay Metro (formerly known as Green Bay Transit).

Green Bay is connected to the rest of the state by four major highways. US-41 connects Green Bay to the Fox Cities, Fond du Lac and Milwaukee to the south and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan via Oconto, Peshtigo, and Marinette. US-141 starts in Green Bay and joins with US-41 to the north for 18 miles before splitting off and providing access to the Upper Peninsula via Niagara. I-43, which terminates at US-41/US-141, heads south along Lake Michigan to Milwaukee and on to Illinois via Beloit. Recently WI-29 has been upgraded to four lanes to provide better access to western Wisconsin and Minnesota via Wausau and Eau Claire.
A few other highways of importance are :
WI-172: Forms a southern highway bypass of Green Bay, and continuing to Austin Staubel Airport.
WI-32: Two lane highway which runs from Illinois to Michigan and provides alternative routes to the north and south and travels through many small communities.
WI-54: Two lane highway which runs through Green Bay from Algoma to New London and Waupaca.
WI-57: Heads to Green Bay from I-43 near Port Washington and continues through Sturgeon Bay to the Door Peninsula, terminating with WI-42 at Gills Rock with ferry access to Washington Island. Southbound the highway runs to Chilton.

[edit] Demographics

City of Green Bay
Population by year [12]
1860 2,276
1870 4,698
1880 7,476
1890 9,069
1900 23,748
1910 25,216
1920 31,643
1930 37,407
1940 46,205
1950 52,735
1960 62,952
1970 87,829
1980 87,947
1990 96,466
2000 102,313

As of the census of 2000,[1] there were 102,313 people, 41,591 households, and 24,663 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,332.1 people per square mile (900.5/km2). There were 43,123 housing units at an average density of 982.9/sq mi (379.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 85.86% White, 1.38% African American, 3.28% Native American, 3.76% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.72% from other races, and 1.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.13% of the population.

There were 41,591 households of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. About 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $38,820, and the median income for a family was $48,678. Males had a median income of $33,246 versus $23,825 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,269. About 7.4% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.7% of those under the age of 18 and 9.2% of those 65 and older.

[edit] Education

 Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (September 2008)

[edit] Religion

The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay. The Cathedral of Saint Francis Xavier in Green Bay is the mother church of the Diocese. The diocese is in the province of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The Saint Joseph Oratory is located in Green Bay.

In 2000, the American Religion Data Archive reported Green Bay to be predominantly Catholic (71.5%), with Lutherans composing an additional 16.4%. The remaining 12% are almost entirely Protestant denominations. There is also an Islamic mosque and an Unitarian Universalist Fellowship located in the city.

[edit] Sports

[edit] Professional

[edit] Collegiate

[edit] Junior

[edit] Media

Green Bay is served by the Green Bay Press-Gazette. Another local newspaper, the Green Bay News-Chronicle, ceased publication in 2005.

See also: List of radio stations in Green Bay, List of television stations in Green Bay
Lambeau Field
City Hall

[edit] Major Employers

[edit] Points of interest

Modern-day Old City Stadium
W. C. E. Thomas, first mayor of Green Bay

[edit] Notable residents

[edit] Mayors

[edit] Photos of Green Bay

The Port Plaza Towers

South Village Historical District

Adams Street

Nicolet Bank

Downtown Green Bay YMCA

The Broadway District

St. Francis Xavier Cathedral

Large South Side home

South Washington Street on the near east side of Green Bay

WBAY-TV

The Northern Building

East Main Street in Green Bay

The east side of Green Bay

Brown County Courthouse

Brown County Veterans Memorial Arena

Bay of Green Bay

Austin Straubel International Airport

Weidner Center

Burke Hall, St. Norbert College in De Pere, Wisconsin

Main Hall, St. Norbert College in De Pere, Wisconsin

[edit] Sister cities

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 
  2. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Template.cfm?Section=Find_a_County&Template=/cffiles/counties/usamap.cfm. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 
  4. ^ "Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2006 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006" (CSV). 2005 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2007-06-28. http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2006-01.csv. Retrieved on 2007-06-28. 
  5. ^ METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENTS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed 2008-07-30.
  6. ^ a b Will, Tracy (1997). Wisconsin. Oakland, California: Compass American Guides. pp. 83. ISBN 1878867490. 
  7. ^ ESPN.com, "There is no other TitleTown USA", April 10, 2008.
  8. ^ Ryman, Richard (October 12, 2007). "Broadway District businesses go Wi-Fi". Green Bay Press-Gazette. http://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2007710120580. Retrieved on 2007-12-09. 
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j City of Green Bay. "City of Green Bay." www.ci.green-bay.wi.us. 5 Oct. 2008 <http://www.ci.green-bay.wi.us/geninfo/history_o.html>
  10. ^ a b Rodesch, Gerrold C. (1984). "Jean Nicolet". University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. http://www.uwgb.edu/wisfrench/library/articles/nicolet.htm. Retrieved on 2007-10-13. 
  11. ^ Mayor Denissen
  12. ^ United States Census Bureau. [1]

[edit] External links

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