Dallas Love Field

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Dallas Love Field (IATA: DAL, ICAO: KDAL, FAA LID: DAL) is a city-owned public-use airport located five nautical miles (9 km) northwest of the central business district of Dallas, a city in Dallas County, Texas, United States.^[1]

Love Field was the primary airport for Dallas until 1974, when Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport opened. Love Field is now Dallas's secondary airport and serves as a major focus city for Southwest Airlines. Continental Express and Northwest Airlink also offer service from Love Field.

[edit] History

[edit] Prior to 1960

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Love Field was opened on October 19, 1917, constructed just southeast of Bachman Lake. It was named after First Lieutenant Moss Lee Love, who died in an airplane crash in San Diego, California. Love Field was opened to civilian use in 1927.

In 1936, Braniff Airways moved its headquarters to Love Field.

Love Field's terminal building was dedicated on October 20, 1957 and was opened to airline service on January 20, 1958. The complex initially had three one-story concourses that were equipped with 26 ramp-level gates. Airlines serving the airport at the time included American, Braniff, Central (which was based in Fort Worth), Continental, Delta and Trans Texas (later Texas International).

Jet-powered operations began on April 1, 1959 when Continental Airlines introduced the Vickers Viscount turboprop. Turbojet operations began on July 12, 1959 when American Airlines initiated Boeing 707 flights to New York.

[edit] 1960s

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In 1961, Mr. and Mrs. Earle Wyatt made a gift of a large bronze statue bearing the inscription "One Riot, One Ranger" for display in the airport's new terminal. Famed Texas born sculptress Waldine Tauch created the piece. The inscription refers to an incident in which a single Texas Ranger was dispatched to quell a riot.

On November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy arrived in Dallas via Love Field. After he was assassinated, Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president aboard Air Force One at Love Field.

When the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth agreed to build the Dallas/Fort Worth Regional Airport (the original name of the current Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport) in the late 1960s, it was agreed that each city would restrict its own passenger-service airports from air-carrier operations. In addition, Fort Worth's Greater Southwest International Airport, immediately adjacent to DFW Airport's southern boundary, was closed and subsequently redeveloped into the CentrePort business park. Dallas' Love Field remained open as a vital part of the aviation infrastructure for North Texas, with general aviation operations, heavy maintenance businesses, and (for a time during the mid seventies) an amusement park located within the main terminal building.

Prior to completion of DFW, regularly scheduled service from Love Field included: New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Washington, Nashville, San Antonio and Mexico City (American); Atlanta, New Orleans, Orlando, Shreveport, Birmingham, Jackson, Los Angeles, and San Francisco (Delta); Chicago, Denver, Kansas City, Minneapolis-St. Paul, New York, Washington, Houston, Austin, Lubbock, Amarillo, San Antonio and Mexico City (Braniff International); Midland-Odessa, Lubbock, Amarillo, Albuquerque, and El Paso (Continental); New Orleans, Tampa and Miami (Eastern). Trans-Texas Airways provided service to Beaumont-Pt. Arthur, Texarkana, Houston, San Antonio, Laredo, Austin, Abilene, Wichita Falls, and Amarillo among other locales.

[edit] 1970s

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Southwest Airlines was founded in 1971 and is headquartered at Love Field. Southwest built its business on selling quick, no-frills trips between Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. The company felt that the notion of a quick trip would be destroyed by a long drive to the new large airport beyond the suburbs. Therefore, prior to the opening of DFW, Southwest Airlines sued for the right to remain at Love Field.^{[citation needed]}

In 1973, the courts decreed that the City of Dallas could not restrict Southwest Airlines from operating out of Love Field, so long as it remained open as an airport. This ruling effectively granted Southwest the right to continue to operate its existing intrastate service out of Love Field. The airlines operating from Love Field at the time DFW was conceived executed agreements with DFW authority stipulating that no airline could operate at the new airport if it continued to operate any flights out of Love Field. Southwest, created after the other carriers had signed on to the DFW operating agreements, was not a signatory and was happy to remain at the older airport with its location within the city limits. Therefore, when the new airport opened, Southwest was the only airline remaining at Love Field.^{[citation needed]}

With the drastic reduction in flights, Love Field had to decommission several of its terminals. The City of Dallas attempted to make use of these otherwise dormant facilities by leasing some of them to an entrepreneur who opened the "Llove Entertainment Complex" in November 1975. The main lobby areas at the front of a former terminal were transformed into movie theaters, an ice rink, a roller rink, a huge video arcade, places to eat, and a bowling alley. Llove seemed especially suited for the pre-teen and teen crowd, who could spend the day for a single admission charge of about $3.50. Llove lasted until May 1978 when it closed for good.^{[citation needed]}

Several former terminal buildings were later remodeled into support and training buildings for Southwest. However, over the following years Southwest's business flourished and general aviation and cargo business increased.^{[citation needed]}

After deregulation of the U.S. airline industry in 1978, Southwest Airlines was able to enter the larger passenger markets and announced plans to start providing interstate service in 1979. This angered the City of Fort Worth and DFW International Airport, which resented expanded air service at Love Field. Therefore, Fort Worth-based U.S. Representative (later Speaker of the House) Jim Wright helped get a compromise law through Congress that restricted air service at Love Field. Using the pretext of protecting DFW, the Wright Amendment restricted passenger air traffic out of Love Field in the following ways: Passenger service on regular mid-sized and large aircraft could only be provided from Love Field to locations within Texas and the four neighboring states (Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico). Long-haul service to other states was possible, but only on commuter aircraft with no more capacity than 56 passengers.^{[citation needed]}

While the Wright Amendment prevented any other major airlines from starting service out of Love Field, it did not deter Southwest. Based on short trips to begin with, Southwest continued to flourish as it used multiple shorthaul flights to build its Love Field operation. Some people managed to "work the system" and get around the Wright Amendment's restrictions. For example, a person could fly from Dallas to Houston or Albuquerque, change planes, and then fly to any city Southwest served — although he or she had, at the time, to do so on two tickets in each direction, since the Wright Amendment specifically barred airlines from issuing tickets that violated the law's provisions. This work around was also problematic due to the fact that between flights checked baggage had to be collected and checked onto the next flight. This had the effect of creating mini-hubs at Houston/Hobby Airport and the Albuquerque International Sunport. Southwest continued to grow and became one of the most successful and profitable airlines in the United States.^{[citation needed]}

In 1972, Love Field was the site of a notable hijacking incident. On 12 January, Billy Gene Hurst, Jr., a resident of Houston, Texas, hijacked Braniff Flight 38, a Boeing 727 airliner, as it departed William P. Hobby Airport in Houston bound for Dallas, Kansas City, Missouri, and Minneapolis, Minnesota. Mr. Hurst, who had a history of mental illness and unstable behavior, was armed with a .22 caliber handgun and a briefcase that he claimed was filled with dynamite. After the plane landed at Love Field at 2:50 PM, Hurst allowed all 94 passengers to deplane, but continued to hold the 7 crewmembers hostage. During the ensuing standoff with Dallas police and FBI agents, Hurst insisted on flying to South America, although he apparently never named a specific destination. He also made a variety of other demands, including food, cigarettes, parachutes, jungle survival gear, $2 million dollars, and a .357 Magnum handgun. Braniff officials and police negotiators stalled, claiming that the plane could not depart due to mechanical problems, refueling delays, and trouble securing the ransom money. Shortly after 8:30 PM, a package containing parachutes and a .357 Magnum handgun- which was reportedly disabled from firing- was delivered to the plane. The entire crew secretly fled the airliner at 8:51 PM while Hurst was distracted examining the package's contents. With no hostages remaining aboard, Dallas police stormed the craft at 9:26 PM, arresting Hurst without serious incident. He was later sentenced to 20 years in prison.^[2][3][4][5]

[edit] 1980s and 1990s

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Due to the success of Southwest Airlines, other airlines began considering the use of Love Field for short haul trips. Southwest co-founder Lamar Muse started Muse Air, a short haul competitor using DC-9s and MD-80s between Love Field and Houston in 1982. Muse Air was unable to operate profitably against Southwest at Love Field, and was purchased by Southwest in 1985 and renamed TranStar Airlines. Southwest ceased Transtar operations in 1987. Continental Airlines expressed its intent to fly out of Love Field in 1985, which led to years of court battles over the interpretation of the Wright Amendment as Fort Worth and DFW International Airport continued to try to prevent expansion at Love Field. Seeing the benefit of increased air traffic at Love Field, the City of Dallas began to actively lobby for the repeal of the Wright Amendment restrictions in 1992. In 1997, the Shelby Amendment successfully passed through Congress, which amended the Wright Amendment. A compromise of sorts, the Shelby Amendment allowed Love Field flights to three more states, Kansas, Mississippi, and Alabama. In addition, it amended the definition of 56-passenger jets that could fly to other states to include any aircraft weighing less than 300,000 pounds which has been reconfigured to accommodate 56 or fewer passengers.

The passage of the Shelby Amendment caused several airlines to consider flying 56-passenger jets out of Love Field, including Continental, Delta, and a new airline, Legend. The City of Fort Worth immediately sued the City of Dallas to try to prevent the Shelby Amendment from going into effect. American, headquartered at DFW, joined the lawsuits against Dallas, but also said that if other airlines were allowed to fly out of Love Field, it would have no choice but to offer competing service. In 1998, after a year of legal decisions and appeals, Continental Express became the first major airline other than Southwest to fly out of Love Field since 1974. American began service out of Love Field shortly thereafter, but continued to sue to stop the service. Fort Worth and American Airlines eventually sued the DOT to stop allowing more flights out of Love Field.

[edit] 2000 to present

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KDAL 13L Short Final

In 2000, several Federal appeals court decisions finally struck down all lawsuits against the Shelby Amendment. Fort Worth and American Airlines appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which refused to review the case. These legal decisions opened the door to increased long haul flights out of Love Field using 56-passenger jets, including new service by Delta and Legend. The majority of this 56-passenger jet market was composed of business travelers making day trips to other cities.

In 2001, the September 11, 2001, attacks and the subsequent recession greatly reduced the demand for air travel in the U.S., especially within the business traveler market. As a result, most of the airlines providing long haul 56-passenger flights stopped service and pulled out of Love Field. By 2003, Southwest and Continental Express were the only two major commercial airlines operating out of Love Field. However, due to Southwest's success and the possibility of other airlines returning in the future, the airport has completed an expansion of its parking facilities and is redeveloping one of its terminals.

Love Field celebrated 85 years in the aviation industry in 2002 and was designated as a Texas State Historical Site in 2003.

The Frontiers of Flight Museum was opened at the north side of the airport after having previously operated a small museum inside the airline terminal.

In November 2004, at a breakfast sponsored by the North Dallas Chamber of Commerce, Southwest announced their active opposition to the Wright Amendment, claiming that the law is anti-competitive and outdated.

As of November 30, 2005, Missouri was added to the list of states exempted from the Wright Amendment by an amendment written by Sen. Kit Bond. Southwest began nonstop flights to Kansas City and St. Louis on December 13. American Airlines and American Eagle began flights from Love to St. Louis, Kansas City, Austin, and San Antonio on March 2, 2006, although American Airlines subsequently pulled out of the market, leaving American Eagle to offer a reduced service to Austin and Kansas City alone. In 2008, American decided to terminate the Austin and Kansas City service and replace it with service to O'Hare International Airport (which Southwest does not serve) using 50-passenger regional jets in compliance with the Wright provisions regarding aircraft size, although American Eagle recently stopped service from Love field altogether.

[edit] Repeal of Wright Amendment

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On June 15, 2006, it was announced that American Airlines, Southwest Airlines, Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport and the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth had all agreed to seek full repeal of the Wright Amendment, with several conditions. Among them: the ban on nonstop flights outside the Wright zone would stay in place until 2014; through-ticketing to domestic airports (connecting flights to long-haul destinations) would be allowed immediately; Love Field's maximum gate capacity would be lowered from 32 to 20 gates; and Love Field would handle only domestic flights non-stop. Southwest will be able to operate from 16 gates, American 2 gates, and Continental 2 gates. JetBlue and Northwest Airlines have claimed that the gate cap will effectively bar any airlines not named in the compromise to ever operate from Love Field, even though the agreement calls for Southwest, American and Continental to share gates with new airlines that desire to serve the airport. The cap of 20 gates would effectively restrict the purpose of the 2014 lifting of the ban on nonstop flights outside the Wright zone.

After extensive negotiations with the House and Senate Judiciary Committees, the compromise bill passed both Houses of Congress on Friday, September 29, just before the 109th Congress adjourned for the November elections. Hutchison led the effort to pass the bill in the Senate while Rep. Kay Granger led a bipartisan Texas House coalition to see the bill through to a successful conclusion in the House. President George W. Bush signed the bill into law on October 13, 2006.^[6] Southwest and American airlines then required approval from the Federal Aviation Administration to begin one-stop flights from Love Field to destinations outside the Wright limits.^[7]

On October 17, 2006, Southwest Airlines announced that it would begin one-stop or connecting service between Love Field and 25 destinations outside the Wright zone on October 19, 2006.^[8] American Airlines made travel between Love Field and locations outside the Wright zone available by October 18, 2006.^[9][10]

[edit] Facilities and aircraft

Dallas Love Field covers an area of 1,300 acres (526 ha) at an elevation of 487 feet (148 m) above mean sea level. It has three runways:^[1]

• Runway 13L/31R: 7,752 x 150 ft (2,363 x 46 m), Surface: Concrete
• Runway 13R/31L: 8,800 x 150 ft (2,682 x 46 m), Surface: Concrete
• Runway 18/36: 6,147 x 150 ft (1,874 x 46 m), Surface: Asphalt

For the 12-month period ending October 31, 2007, the airport had 247,235 aircraft operations, an average of 677 per day: 39% general aviation, 37% scheduled commercial, 23% air taxi and 1% military. At that time there were 693 aircraft based at this airport: 3% single-engine, 4% multi-engine, 93% jet and 1% helicopter.^[1]

[edit] Airlines and destinations

Love Field's passenger terminal has 20 gates, divided into two concourses, West and East. The West Concourse has 15 Gates: 1, 1A - 12, 14, 15, while the East Concourse has 5 Gates: 26, 27, 30 - 32.

[edit] Legend Terminal

The terminal was built by Legend Airlines and was later used by Legend Airlines and Delta Connection/Atlantic Southeast Airlines. It is currently being used as an executive terminal for private aircraft. Under the terms of lifting the Wright Amendment, the number of gates at the airport is limited thus effectively precluding use of the terminal for scheduled passenger flights.

[edit] Public transit

Currently, DART buses 39 (to downtown Dallas) and 539 (to Mockingbird Station) serve the airport.

The proposed Green Line light rail will also serve the airport with the Dallas Love Field Station, due to open in 2010.

[edit] Charter Service and FBOs

Love Field is also home to a number of charter flight companies and FBOs including:

• Regal Aviation
• Jet Concierge
• Business Jet Center (FBO)
• Business Jet Access (Charter)
• Signature Flight Support
• Jet Aviation

[edit] Accidents and incidents

The following involved flights departing or arriving at the airport:

• December 23, 1936: A Braniff Airways Lockheed L-10 Electra airliner, registration number NC-14905, suffered an engine failure during a go-around while conducting a non-scheduled test flight; the pilot tried to turn back towards Love Field but lost control, causing the airplane to spin into the northern shore of Bachman Lake. The plane's 6 occupants, all Braniff employees, died in the crash and ensuing fire.^[11]
• October 16, 1942: A US Army Air Force Martin B-26 Marauder was en route to Love Field when bad weather closed the airfield and controllers advised the crew to divert to Fort Worth. The craft was flying at very low altitude to stay in visual conditions under low clouds when its wing struck a guy-wire of the WFAA radio tower near Grapevine, Texas, causing the pilot to lose control; all 6 crewmembers died in the subsequent crash.^[12]
• November 29, 1949: American Airlines Flight 157, a Douglas DC-6, was on final approach to Runway 36 when the flight crew lost control, causing the airliner to slide off the runway and strike a parked airplane, a hangar, and a flight school before crashing into a business across the street from the airport. 26 passengers and 2 flight attendants died in the crash and ensuing fire; the pilot, co-pilot, flight engineer, and 15 others survived.
• June 28, 1952: A Temco Swift private plane collided with American Airlines Flight 910, a Douglas DC-6 on final approach to Love Field from San Francisco, California; the DC-6 landed safely with no injuries to the 55 passengers and 5 crew, but both occupants of the Swift died on impact with the ground.
• May 15, 1953: A Braniff International Airways Douglas DC-4 carrying 48 passengers and 5 crew slid off the end of Runway 36, crossed Lemmon Avenue, and plowed into an embankment. Despite reportedly heavy automobile traffic on the busy street, no vehicles were struck, and nobody aboard the airliner was seriously injured. The crash was attributed to poor braking action on the rain-slicked runway.^[13]
• July 9, 1953: A Southern Air Transport Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando cargo plane, carrying a crew of 2, skidded off the runway and flipped over after a hard landing; the pilot suffered significant injuries but the co-pilot escaped safely.^[14]
• September 29, 1959: Braniff International Airways Flight 542, a turboprop Lockheed L-188 Electra, suffered a mechanical failure and crashed southeast of Buffalo, Texas, while en route to Love Field from Houston, killing 29 passengers and 5 crewmembers. The Civil Aeronautics Board attributed the crash to the "whirl-mode" prop theory. [1]
• May 14, 1960: The pilot of a Beechcraft Bonanza private plane suffered an apparent heart attack and fell unconscious while en route from Fort Worth to Dallas. The pilot's wife and sole passenger, who was not a trained pilot, managed to guide the plane to Love Field but crashed while attempting to land. Both occupants suffered severe injuries and the pilot was pronounced dead, but it is unclear whether his death resulted from the heart attack or from injuries sustained during the crash.^[15][16]
• September 14, 1960: An airline maintenance inspector lost control of a Braniff International Airways Douglas DC-7 during a taxi text and crashed into a hangar at high speed; the inspector died and 5 of the 6 mechanics aboard were injured.^[17]
• April 18, 1962: A Douglas DC-3, registration number N3588, operated by an aviation company affiliated with Purdue University, crashed immediately after taking off to test a newly-installed engine; the craft exploded into flames, killing all 3 people aboard.^[18][19] The crash was attributed to insufficient airspeed at takeoff, and the National Transportation Safety Board noted that the pilot was not properly qualified to fly the DC-3.^[20]
• April 19, 1963: A Beechcraft Bonanza private plane crashed short of the runway on final approach, killing both occupants.^[21]
• January 29, 1966: A Piper Cherokee Six air taxi, registration number N3246W, suffered an engine failure on final approach to Love Field and struck trees while the pilot was attempting an emergency landing on a nearby street.^[22] The pilot and 5 passengers were injured; the engine failure was attributed to carburetor icing.^[23]
• February 10, 1967: A Beechcraft D18S, registration number N7388, crashed at Love Field after a propeller blade separated during takeoff; the pilot and both passengers died.^[24]
• September 27, 1967: All 7 occupants of an Aero Commander 560E, registration number N3831C, died after the left-hand wing broke during the landing approach, sending the plane plummeting into Mockingbird Lane in Highland Park, Texas. Wreckage tore through the playground of Bradfield Elementary School, but school was not in session and nobody on the ground was seriously harmed.^[25]
• May 3, 1968: Braniff International Airways Flight 352, a Lockheed L-188 Electra, broke up in a thunderstorm near Dawson, Texas while en route from Houston, Texas to Love Field. All 80 passengers and 5 crewmembers died.

[edit] See also

• Texas World War II Army Airfields

[edit] References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} FAA Airport Master Record for DAL (Form 5010 PDF), effective 2008-04-10
2. ^ Jim Ewell and Tom Williams (1972-01-13). "Braniff Hijacker Taken as Police Storm Plane". The Dallas Morning News. 
3. ^ Tom Johnson (1972-01-13). ""Keep Him Going," Dispatcher Offers". The Dallas Morning News. 
4. ^ Maryln Schwartz (1972-01-14). "Hurst Seen As Dreamer". The Dallas Morning News. 
5. ^ Ronald George (1973-02-03). "Hurst Gets 20 Years for Hijacking". The Dallas Morning News. 
6. ^ Amendment Repeal Bill, S. 3661, information on THOMAS (Library of Congress)
7. ^ "Wright repeal has one step left," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Oct. 14, 2006
8. ^ Southwest Airlines (2006-10-17). Wright Amendment Reform Act of 2006 Enacted Into Law; Southwest Airlines Offers Customers $99 One-Way Fares and Increased Travel Options From Dallas Love Field. Press release. http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=92562&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=917522&highlight=. Retrieved on 2006-10-18. 
9. ^ Banstetter, Trebor (2006-10-17). "Love's new menu: 25 new cities". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. http://www.dfw.com/mld/dfw/news/15784065.htm. Retrieved on 2006-10-18. 
10. ^ "Airline Tickets and Airline Reservations from American Airlines". American Airlines. http://www.aa.com/. Retrieved on October 18 2006. 
11. ^ Staff writers (1942-10-17). "Braniff Airways Plane Crashes, Burning Six to Death; Ship Falls on Shore of Bachman's Lake as Motors Fail". The Dallas Morning News. 
12. ^ Staff writers (1942-10-17). "Bomber Hits Wire of Radio Tower, Crew of Six Killed". The Dallas Morning News. 
13. ^ Staff writers (1953-05-16). "Passenger Plane Overshoots Field". The Dallas Morning News. 
14. ^ Roy Johnson (1953-07-10). "C-46 Crash Traps Pilot at Airport". The Dallas Morning News. 
15. ^ Staff writers (1960-05-15). "Light Plane Falls; Dallas Oilman Dies". The Dallas Morning News. 
16. ^ Julian Levine (1960-05-17). "A Plane Crashed; A Drama Ended". The Dallas Morning News. 
17. ^ Staff writers (1960-09-15). "Taxiing Airliner Strikes Building, Kills Inspector". The Dallas Morning News. 
18. ^ Staff writers (1962-04-19). "2 Killed in Live Field Air Crash". The Dallas Morning News. 
19. ^ Staff writers (1962-04-20). "Burns Fatal to Victom of Crashwork=The Dallas Morning News". 
20. ^ "NTSB Report FTW62A0028". National Traffic Safety Board. http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=9&key=0. Retrieved on 2009-06-09. 
21. ^ Staff writers (1963-04-20). "Crash Kills 2 at Love Field". The Dallas Morning News. 
22. ^ Peter Brown (1966-01-30). "Plane Falls on Street; Six Injured". The Dallas Morning News. 
23. ^ "NTSB Report FTW66A0067". National Traffic Safety Board. http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=71717&key=0. Retrieved on 2009-06-09. 
24. ^ James Ewell and David Morgan (1967-02-11). "3 Die in Love Field Crash". The Dallas Morning News. 
25. ^ James Ewell and John Geddie (1960-09-28). "Private Plane Plunges Full-Speed into Mockingbird Lane, Killing 7". The Dallas Morning News. 

[edit] External links

• Dallas Love Field (official site)
• Wright Amendment Repeal Page
• Friends of Love Field
• FAA Airport Diagram(PDF), effective 2 July 2009
• Resources for this airport:
  • AirNav airport information for KDAL
  • ASN accident history for DAL
  • FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
  • NOAA/NWS latest weather observations
  • SkyVector aeronautical chart for KDAL
  • FAA current DAL delay information