Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts
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 The decorated facade of the Academy Palace, Zrinski square in Zagreb |
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| Abbreviation | HAZU |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1867 in Zagreb |
| Type | National academy |
| Purpose/focus | Science, arts, academics |
| Headquarters |  Zagreb, Croatia |
| Location | 45°48′33″N 15°58′43″E / 45.80917°N 15.97861°ECoordinates: 45°48′33″N 15°58′43″E / 45.80917°N 15.97861°E |
| Membership | 160 full members (2009[update])[1] |
| Chairman | Milan Moguš |
| Main organ | Presidency of the Academy[2] |
| Budget | 83.0 million HRK (2009)[3] |
| Website | Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts |
The Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Latin: Academia Scientiarum et Artium Croatica, Croatian: Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, abbrev. HAZU) is the national academy of Croatia. It was founded as the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts (Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, abbrev. JAZU), and was known by that name for most of its existence.
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[edit] History
The institution was founded in Zagreb in 1867 as the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts.[4] The bishop and benefactor Josip Juraj Strossmayer, a prominent advocate of higher education during the 19th century Croatian national romanticism, set up a trust fund for this purpose and in 1860 submitted a large donation to the then viceroy (ban) of Croatia Josip Šokčević for the cause of being able to
| “ | bring together the best minds [...] and find a way in which books in the national languages could be produced in the Slavic South; the Academy should also take under its aegis all the areas of human science[5] | ” |
After some years of deliberations by the Croatian Parliament and the Emperor Franz Joseph, it was finally sanctioned by law in 1866. The official sponsor was Josip Juraj Strossmayer, while the first President of the Academy was the distinguished Croatian historian Franjo Rački.[5] Đuro Daničić was elected for secretary general of the Academy, where he played a key role in preparing the Academy's Dictionary, "Croatian or Serbian Dictionary of JAZU".
The Academy's creation was the logical extension of the University of Zagreb, the institution initially created in 1669 and also renewed by bishop Strossmayer in 1874. Bishop Strossmayer also initiated the building of the Academy Palace in the Zrinjevac park of Zagreb, and the Palace was completed in 1880.[5] In 1884, the Palace also became a host of the "Strossmayer Gallery" that contained 256 works of art (mostly paintings).[5] The same is today one of the most prominent art galleries in Zagreb.
The Academy published the scientific magazine Rad (Croatian for "work") between 1867 and 1882, when each of the individual scientific classes of the Academy started printing their own magazines. A total of almost five hundred issues have been printed up to now. In 1887, the Academy published the first "Ljetopis" as a year book, as well as several other publications in history and ethnology.
Ivan Supek, Mihailo Petrović, Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger and Lavoslav Ružička were JAZU members.
[edit] Name changes
The Academy briefly changed name from "Yugoslav" to "Croatian" between 1941 and 1945 during the Axis client regime of the Independent State of Croatia.
It was permanently renamed "Croatian" in 1991 after Croatia gained independence from Yugoslavia.
[edit] Departments
The Academy is divided into nine departments (classes):[6]
- Department of Social Sciences
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Sciences
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Department of Medical Sciences
- Department of Philological Sciences
- Department of Literature
- Department of Fine Arts
- Department of Music and Musicology
- Department of Technical Sciences
[edit] Membership
There are four classes of members:[1]
- Full members
- Associate members
- Honorary members
- Corresponding members
The number of full members and corresponding members is limited to 160 each, while the maximum number of associate members is 100.[1] Number of full members per department is limited to 24. Only the full members may carry the title of "academician" (English: F.C.A., Croatian: akademik (male members) or akademkinja (female members)).
[edit] Criticism
The Academy has recently been criticized to the effect that membership and activities are based on academic cronyism and political favor rather than on scientific and artistic merit. In 2006 matters came to a head with the Academy's refusal to induct Dr. Miroslav Radman, an accomplished biologist, a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and an advocate of a higher degree of meritocracy and accountability in Croatian academia. His supporters within the Academy and the media decried the decision as reinforcing a politically-motivated, unproductive status quo.
Dr. Ivo Banac, a Yale University professor and a deputy in the Croatian parliament, addressed the chamber in a speech decrying a "dictatorship of mediocrity" in the Academy, while Globus columnist Boris Dežulović satirized the institution as an "Academy of stupidity and obedience." Dr. Vladimir Paar and others defended the Academy's decision, averring that it did take pains to include accomplished scientists but that, since Dr. Radman's work has mostly taken place outside Croatia, it was appropriate that he remain a Corresponding rather than a Full Member of the Academy.
[edit] Presidents
- Franjo Rački (1866–1886)
- Pavao Muhić (1887–1890)
- Josip Torbar (1890–1900)
- Tadija Smičiklas (1900–1914)
- Tomislav Maretić (1915–1918)
- Vladimir Mažuranić (1918–1921)
- Gustav Janaček (1921–1924)
- Gavro Manojlović (1924–1933)
- Albert Bazala (1933–1941)
- Tomo Matić (1942–1946)
- Andrija Štampar (1947–1958)
- Grga Novak (1958–1978)
- Jakov Sirotković (1978–1991)
- Ivan Supek (1991–1997)
- Ivo Padovan (1997–2003)
- Milan Moguš (2004–present)
[edit] See also
- Category:Members of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts
- History of Zagreb
- History of Croatia
- Croatian National Theatre
[edit] Notes and references
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2009) |
- ^ a b c "Members of Academy". Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. http://info.hazu.hr/member_of_academy. Retrieved on 2009-01-14.
- ^ "Presidency of the Academy". Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. http://info.hazu.hr/leadership. Retrieved on 2009-01-15.
- ^ "HAZU u 2009. raspolaže sa 82.994.912 kuna." (in Croatian). Glas Dalmacije. December 23, 2008. http://www.glasdalmacije.hr/?show=0&article=14289. Retrieved on 2009-01-14.
- ^ The adjective "Yugoslav" was coined in mid-19th century by the movement that sought national unity of the South Slavs from Austria-Hungary with their eastern neighbors. Its extent was likely ambiguous, e.g. in whether or not it meant to include Bulgarians and Macedonians. Later the term became associated specifically with the country and peoples of Yugoslavia.
- ^ a b c d "The Founding of the Academy". Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. http://info.hazu.hr/foundation_of_academy. Retrieved on 2009-01-17.
- ^ "Classes of Academy". Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. http://info.hazu.hr/classes. Retrieved on 2009-01-14.
- ^ http://info.hazu.hr/milan_mogus_biografija (Croatian)
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts |
- Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Croatian) (English)
- Banac speech[dead link] (Croatian)
- Paar reply[dead link] (Croatian)
- (Croatian) Milan Moguš - čuvar tradicije Hrvatske akademije - an interview with Milan Moguš in Nacional
- Intelektualna krema pred vratima HAZU-a (Croatian)
